SC-Canopy: A Tiered Network Architecture for Indoor Robot Swarms. Mengyao Liu, Luiz Sampaio, Jonathan Oostvogels, Kate O’Riordan, Sam Michiels, Thomas Watteyne, Danny Hughes. Workshop on Crystal-Free/-Less Radio and System-based Research for IoT (CrystalFreeIoT), International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks (EWSN), Leuven, Belgium, 22 September 2025.

https://inria.hal.science/hal-05289443

Swarm Robotics uses collections of simple robots, which collaborate to accomplish tasks faster, and at a lower cost than more complex robot individuals. A major segment of the Swarm Robotics market will operate indoors; patrolling secure facilities, sorting packages in a warehouse or cleaning commercial buildings. As the swarm focuses on collaboration, effective communication is essential. The cost of installing power and network cables thus poses a significant barrier to entry for facilities lacking wireless networking. We tackle this problem by introducing a ‘peel and stick’ backhaul for swarm robot telemetry that operates for several years on a D-cell battery. Our solution is tiered, using a time-synchronized mesh network as its backhaul and near-field communication between the robots and the mesh, with 𝜇W-scale listening power. Our evaluation demonstrates that this architecture achieves over 90% reliability, low power consumption and long battery life.