ELA: Secure, Lightweight, and Zero-Touch Enrollment for IoT Devices
Geovane Fedrecheski, Göran Selander, Thomas Watteyne, Mališa Vučinić
International Conference on Distributed Computing in Smart Systems and the Internet of Things (IEEE DCOSS-IoT), Lucca, Italy, 9-11 June 2025
Abstract: When deploying large numbers of IoT devices, an
enrollment protocol takes care of admitting each device into
their target network for the first time. The protocol must be
secure to block malicious actors, easy to operate to reduce
cost, and lightweight due to bandwidth constraints. Solutions
in literature either involve use of pre-shared keys, require perdevice
user input, or have been designed for non-constrained
environments. This paper introduces EDHOC with Lightweight
Authorization (ELA), a protocol for securely authorizing enrollment
of devices in constrained networks with support for zerotouch
deployments. We define ELA as an extension to Ephemeral
Diffie-Hellman Over COSE (EDHOC), a key exchange protocol
with extremely low message footprint. We evaluate ELA on
DotBot, a platform for research in swarm micro-robotics. We
find that enrolling a DotBot with ELA takes 2.52 s and consumes
39.31 mC. When compared to a baseline EDHOC version, flash
and RAM have an overhead of 10.67% and 22.63%, respectively,
and message footprint increases by only 49 B. ELA is being
standardized in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).